Web Application, Site Collection and Content Database
A. If you are planning for multiple Site Collection per Web Application you can either go with:
a. Single content database for all site collections with in the Web Application or
b. You can add 1 content database per Site collection.
B. By default a single content database is used per Web Application and multiple Site collections share the same content database between site collections.
a. In the long run this may lead to size issues if there are multiple site collection with in the Web Application and the content of each Site collection increase.
C. Scenarios:
a. One Web Application can have multiple Site collections or Single Site collection.
b. Each Site Collection can have its own Content Database. 1 Site Collection = 1 Content Database.
c. Each content database can hold multiple site collection. 1 Content Database = 2/3/4 Site Collections.
D. Advantages of 1 Site Collection = 1 Content Database
a. Improves performance
b. Easy backup or recovery
c. Copying data to another farm. Example: Different Environments(Test->Prod)
How to add Multiple Content Databases per Web Application?
I. Example: In a farm the default Web Application at PORT:80 will have its default Content Database for all the site collections underneath.
a. Now you want to create a Site Collection but you want to have a new Content database for this Site Collection
b. When you create a Site collection SharePoint utilizes the default database.
c. So the first step is to set the Status of the default database to STOP/OFFLINE.
i. GO to Central Admin -> Click on Application Management -> Databases (Click on Manage Content Databases). Now you will be able to see the current Web Application in the right hand corner. At this point you can change the Web Application if you have multiple Web Applications in the farm by clicking the down arrow.
ii. If you are already on the right Web APP Check the status of the default database. Most probably the status will be STARTED.
iii. To set the database STATUS to offline double click on the Database Name.
iv. In the Database Section change the Database Status to OFFLINE and Click OK.
v. Now the Database Status will be set to STOPPED.
d. Create a new Database.
i. GO to Central Admin -> Click on Application Management -> Databases (Click on Manage Content Databases). Click on Add a content Database.
ii. In the Web Application section, check whether you are on the right Web Application. If not click the down arrow and change the Web Application.
iii. In the Database Name and Authentication. Change the Database name or leave the default name as it is.
iv. In the Search Server select the Server and Click OK at the bottom.
v. This will take you back to the Manage Content Databases and you will be able to see the created database status as STARTED and CURRENT NO. OF SITE COLLECTIONS as 0. Now you are ready to create a new Site Collection.
e. Create a Site Collection to use the new Content Database created.
i. GO to Central Admin -> Click on Application Management -> Site Collections (Click on Create Site collection).
ii. Once again check the Web Application (Change if you are not on the right one).
iii. Create a Title, Web Site Address, Template and Primary Site Administrator
iv. Click OK to create the new Site Collection.
v. Now go back Central Admin -> Click on Application Management -> Databases (Click on Manage Content Databases). You will notice number Site collections changed to 1.
vi. Now if you create another site collection the number will increase to 2 on the same content database. This means now you will have multiple site collection with in the same content database.
f. Now restart the stopped content database and you are done.